Association of spring phenological traits with phylogeny and adaptation to native climate in temperate plant species in Northeast China

• Spring phenological traits of plant species in Northeast China are analyzed. plants phylogenetically conserved. Reproductive phenology is more conserved than vegetative phenology. Native climate has a stronger effect phylogeny on spring traits. The effects change have been widely recognized around the world. However, internal factors (such as phylogeny) variations among remains unclear. In this study, we investigated phylogenetic conservatism using signal and evolutionary models, including Brownian motion (BM) model, Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) model white noise (WN) based data 48 temperate China. We also explored relative contributions adaptation to native (i.e., range species) eigenvector regression variance partitioning analysis. results showed thatspring conformed OU indicating were flowering was that leaf-out Additionally, contributed phylogeny, explained Our suggested constrained by both climate. had phylogeny. Therefore, degree similarity across closely related depends environmental conditions where these close relatives distributed.